Analysis of Detail
Throughout his book Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck foreshadows the events of the story in the little details he uses to describe qualities of the scenes he sets. Though they may appear to be simple descriptions of the surroundings of the men, his choice of words tell us many details of the storyline. The quote "the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green" is a perfect example of this. The words "deep" and "green" that he uses to describe the river can also be seen as a parallel to the two main characters of the story, George and Lennie. The word "deep" is commonly thought to mean strong and powerful. Though this could be seen as a parallel to Lennie because of his massive strength, it could also be seen as a parallel to George. George's thought process is much deeper than Lennie's, simply because he is more mature than Lennie. George tends to think deeply and his mind and the thought behind his actions seem to have much more meaning put into them than Lennie would have put into them. As a contrast to this, Steinbeck's choice of the word "green" is usually associated with thoughts of youth, freshness, and nature. In this way, Lennie is "green" also. Lennie is young at heart and George sees him as an equal to a child. His thought process is not as complex as a normal man of his age, and although he appears to be a grown man on the outside, his brain has the capacity and the maturity of a young child.
Another great example of Steinbeck's foreshadowing through descriptive words is in the quote "a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down the highway." The key words in this quote are "beaten", "deep", and "wearily." The word "beaten" is usually associated with thoughts and feelings of being exhausted and worn down. This single word parallels to George and Lennie in the story. Because of Lennie's childlike behavior, he usually gets into trouble doing things that he sees as harmless. As a result, George and Lennie are constantly on the move from town to town looking for work. In this way, George and Lennie's hopes and spirits are "beaten" like the path spoken of at the beginning of the story. Again, the word "deep" can be thought to mean powerful, but it could also mean difficult to understand. Like the deep pool Steinbeck describes, Lennie is powerful but also difficult to understand. His childlike behavior makes him transparent yet intricate on many levels. The word "wearily" generally gives off a feeling of being exhausted or tired. Like the tramps who come "wearily" down the highway, George "wearily" moves from town to town with Lennie, knowing that work could be a hard thing to find. He is continually looking out for Lennie as well as himself and making sure that they always have what they need to survive.
Analysis of Point of View
The third person objective point of view aids in showing how Lennie is unable to make decisions for himself and looks to George for support, and how George is more than willing to give up what he has to make sure that Lennie can have what he needs.
On pages 21 and 22, the quotes "Lennie nodded to show that he understood...In a panic, Lennie looked to George for help," demonstrate how Lennie was unsure how to answer because he knew that George had told him not to say anything, and he nearly always follows George's orders. It also illustrates how childlike Lennie is because he is so unsure of how to answer to the boss when he is spoken directly to. Lennie is so accustomed to following George's lead that he cannot answer for himself when spoken to.
The quotations, "Listen, Small! What can you do?...He can do anything you tell him to do...Then why don't you let him answer?...Say what you selling'?...Why you think I'm selling' him out?", exhibits George's compelling need to protect Lennie and make sure that he keeps his job, even if it means losing the job himself. George acts as a father to Lennie and attempts to shield him from potentially bad situations to keep him out of trouble.
Analysis of Tone
Steinbeck uses contrasting tones of pleasure and joy and of melancholy and depressive to exaggerate the apparent contrast between George and Lennie. In one scene of the story, the quotes, "Lennie cried in triumph." " 'For the rabbits,' Lennie shouted." and "Lennie giggled with happiness." Each of these plainly show the sheer joy Lennie experiences in those brief moments and appear to almost radiate a cheerful tone. In contrast, Steinbeck also uses quotes like "George was quiet for a moment." "He said shakily..." "George shivered and looked at the gun..." "But George sat stiffly on the bank and looked at his right hand that had thrown the gun away." "George's voice was almost a whisper." and "Yeah, a drink" in a serious and down tone. His unsteadiness and shakiness before shooting Lennie shows that he is unsure about the deed he was about to perform and also shows that he knew what he would feel after he shot Lennie, grief and sadness. After shooting Lennie, George is in shock at his own courage to do what he knew had to be done in order to save Lennie a lifetime of trouble and pain, or being shot by Curley. Distracted and fascinated by his feelings of anguish and sorrow, he is oblivious to everything going on around him and agrees subconsciously to a drink with Slim. The contrast between Lennie's cheerful personality and George's obvious worry is made painfully obvious in these last few pages of the book.
Analysis of Theme
Though Steinbeck embeds many themes and morals throughout Of Mice and Men, the theme of one being his "brother's keeper" is an obvious point justified in nearly every chapter of the story. George and Lennie share a bond and that makes George feel like he needs to look out for Lennie.
For example, when George and Lennie are attempting to get a job, George tries intently to make sure that Lennie is taken care of and gets a job, too. When George is asked why he does this for Lennie, he simply replies, "I told his old lady I'd take care of him." (p. 21) George feels compelled to take Lennie under his wing and be his "keeper." Although George would have been much better off if he had never taken Lennie in, because of Lennie constantly getting into accidental trouble, George cares enough about Lennie to make sure that he is going to be okay. In this way, George demonstrates the apparent theme throughout the book of being his brother's "keeper."
Another example of George and Lennie's strong, brother-like bond is voiced in the saying they had together, "But not us! And why? Because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that's why." (p. 13-14) This shows how George and Lennie intended on staying together, getting a place of their own and looking after each other. When George says, "when his Aunt Clara died, Lennie just came along with me out working." (p. 40) he buries inside the words his pull to take care of Lennie because he has nobody else.
